The first step is to check the care label attached to your pillow. Many polyester-filled and some down or feather pillows can be washed in a washing machine, while memory foam and latex pillows generally require different cleaning methods. If your pillow is machine washable, use a gentle cycle with an appropriate amount of mild liquid detergent. Avoid adding excessive detergent, because residue can remain trapped inside the filling and make the pillow harder to rinse thoroughly.

For white, machine-washable pillows, an oxygen-based laundry whitener may help reduce yellow stains, provided the care label allows it. Follow the product instructions carefully and never assume that ordinary chlorine bleach is suitable. Chlorine bleach can damage certain fabrics and fillings, and it should never be mixed with vinegar, ammonia, or other cleaning chemicals. If your pillow is made from memory foam or latex, spot-clean it according to the manufacturer’s instructions instead of placing it in the washing machine.

Drying is just as important as washing. Moisture trapped inside a pillow can encourage unpleasant odors and microbial growth. If machine drying is permitted, use the recommended heat setting and check that the filling is completely dry before returning the pillow to your bed. Dryer balls may help keep some machine-dryable pillows fluffy. For pillows that require air drying, place them in a well-ventilated area and allow enough time for the center to dry thoroughly. Never put a damp pillow back inside its pillowcase.

To keep pillows fresher for longer, consider using washable pillow protectors beneath your regular pillowcases. Wash pillowcases frequently, follow the manufacturer’s recommended pillow-cleaning schedule, and replace pillows when they become permanently flattened, damaged, or impossible to clean properly. Some washable pillows benefit from cleaning every three to six months, depending on use and care instructions. A fresh scent is pleasant, but cleanliness and complete drying matter more than adding fragrance, especially for people sensitive to perfumes.